Congressional hearings and sworn testimony
Since 2022 the US Congress has taken UAP testimony in public on at least six occasions — and the single most important thing to understand is that a hearing verifies that someone said something under oath, not that what they said is true.
The ledger: every public UAP hearing, 2022–2026
- DOCUMENTED Six public hearings in four years. Each has a published witness list, written testimony, and a video record on the relevant committee's site. All are verifiable independently of anything the witnesses claimed.
- DOCUMENTED No congressional hearing has ever been held in which physical evidence of non-human technology was produced, entered into the record, or examined. Every hearing to date has consisted of testimony, video imagery of unidentified objects, and documents about programs — not materials.
| Date | Body | Title / framing | Witnesses |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17 May 2022 | House Permanent Select Cmte on Intelligence, Subcmte on Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence & Counterproliferation (Chair: Rep. André Carson) | Open hearing on UAP; first public congressional UFO hearing in ~50 years | Scott W. Bray (Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence); Ronald Moultrie (Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence & Security) |
| 19 Apr 2023 | Senate Armed Services, Subcmte on Emerging Threats & Capabilities | Testimony on the mission, activities, oversight and budget of AARO | Dr. Sean M. Kirkpatrick (Director, All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office) |
| 26 Jul 2023 | House Oversight & Accountability, Subcmte on National Security, the Border & Foreign Affairs | UAP: Implications on National Security, Public Safety and Government Transparency | David Grusch; Cdr. David Fravor (USN, ret.); Ryan Graves |
| 13 Nov 2024 | House Oversight — joint subcommittee hearing (Cybersecurity/IT/Gov Innovation, Chair Rep. Nancy Mace; National Security/Border/Foreign Affairs, Chair Rep. Glenn Grothman) | Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Exposing the Truth | Luis Elizondo; RDML Tim Gallaudet (USN, ret.); Michael Gold; Michael Shellenberger |
| 19 Nov 2024 | Senate Armed Services, Subcmte on Emerging Threats & Capabilities (Chair: Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand) | Testimony on the activities of AARO (open session + closed session) | Dr. Jon T. Kosloski (Director, AARO) |
| 9 Sep 2025 | House Oversight, Task Force on the Declassification of Federal Secrets (Chair: Rep. Anna Paulina Luna) | Restoring Public Trust Through UAP Transparency and Whistleblower Protection | Jeffrey Nuccetelli; Chief Alexandro Wiggins; Dylan Borland; George Knapp; Joe Spielberger (minority witness, Project On Government Oversight) |
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Witness lists and dates from the official hearing notices: oversight.house.gov hearing pages for 26 Jul 2023, 13 Nov 2024 and 9 Sep 2025; Senate Armed Services Cmte hearing notices for 19 Apr 2023 and 19 Nov 2024.
"Congress held a hearing about it, so it must be real." A congressional hearing is a venue, not a verification process. Committees do not swear witnesses in order to establish that their claims are true; they take testimony to create a record. Members of Congress are not required to — and generally do not — independently corroborate what a witness says before the witness says it. The correct reading of any hearing statement is: this person is on the record, under penalty of perjury, saying they believe this. Perjury exposure makes lying about what you personally experienced legally risky. It does nothing to make second-hand information accurate.
17 May 2022 — Bray and Moultrie: the first hearing in half a century
- DOCUMENTED First public congressional hearing on UFOs since the Air Force's Project Blue Book era. Held 17 May 2022 by the House Intelligence counterterrorism subcommittee, chaired by Rep. André Carson; roughly 90 minutes of open session followed by a classified session the same afternoon.
- TESTIMONY Bray testified that the reporting database had grown to about 400 incidents, up from the 144 covered in the June 2021 ODNI preliminary assessment. He attributed much of the growth to reduced stigma and improved reporting channels, not to a rise in the phenomenon itself.
- TESTIMONY Bray testified that the Navy had recovered no material supporting an extraterrestrial explanation — no organic or inorganic material and no unexplainable wreckage. He also testified there had been at least 11 near-misses between UAP and US aircraft but no collisions.
- DOCUMENTED Two declassified clips were played in open session: a 2021 cockpit video of a spherical object passing a Navy fighter, and night-vision footage of triangular shapes near a coastline. The triangles were attributed by the witnesses to ordinary aircraft imaged through night-vision optics — a known bokeh artefact where point light sources take the shape of the lens aperture.
- DISPUTED Whether the hearing showed anything of substance. Members including Rep. Rick Crawford framed unresolved cases as a potential intelligence failure regarding Chinese or Russian systems. UFO sceptic Robert Sheaffer dismissed the imagery outright: "They show this as some of their best evidence, and we are supposed not to laugh?" Both positions are about the same footage; neither side produced additional data.
House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Subcommittee on Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence and Counterproliferation, open hearing on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, 17 May 2022 (full transcript; document repository for the hearing). Baseline figure of 144 incidents from ODNI, "Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena," 25 June 2021.
19 April 2023 — the Senate hearing almost nobody cites
- DOCUMENTED Senate Armed Services' Emerging Threats and Capabilities subcommittee took public testimony from AARO's first director, Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, on 19 April 2023 — three months before the Grusch hearing, and covering AARO's mission, oversight and budget.
- TESTIMONY Kirkpatrick testified that only a minority of AARO's collected reports display genuinely anomalous flight or performance characteristics, with the large majority attributable to balloons, drones, clutter, sensor artefacts and commercial aviation — and that many remaining cases suffer from insufficient data rather than inexplicable data.
- UNSUPPORTED The claim that Congress "only hears from believers." This hearing, and the November 2024 Senate hearing, are the counter-example: the government's own investigators have testified publicly, at length, under oath, to largely deflationary findings. That testimony receives a fraction of the coverage the whistleblower hearings get.
Senate Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, "To receive testimony on the mission, activities, oversight, and budget of the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office," 19 April 2023 (stenographic transcript; Kirkpatrick's oral remarks as delivered).
26 July 2023 — the Grusch hearing: who was actually in the room
- DOCUMENTED Three witnesses, one subcommittee. The House Oversight Subcommittee on National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs heard from David Grusch, Cdr. David Fravor (USN, ret.) and Ryan Graves on 26 July 2023. The official witness list gives their titles as below.
- DOCUMENTED The three witnesses were not testifying to the same category of thing, and conflating them is the single most common error in coverage of this hearing. Fravor testified to something he personally saw at close range. Graves testified primarily to sensor data he personally worked with — he has stated he did not get a clear close visual himself, and the widely-quoted “cube inside a clear sphere” near-miss is an account he relays from a squadron mate, not his own sighting. Grusch testified to things other people told him. All three are routinely flattened into one category, and they are not one category.
| Witness | Credential as listed by the committee | Category of testimony |
|---|---|---|
| Cdr. David Fravor, USN (ret.) | Former Commanding Officer, VFA-41 "Black Aces", US Navy | First-hand eyewitness — the 14 Nov 2004 "Tic Tac" encounter off USS Nimitz, which he described as the most credible UFO sighting in history |
| Ryan Graves | Executive Director, Americans for Safe Aerospace; former US Navy F/A-18F pilot | First-hand sensor experience — 2014–15 objects off Virginia Beach; testified that aircrews encounter UAP regularly and that he estimates only ~5% are reported. The near-miss he is best known for describing was a squadron mate's sighting, not his own. Aviation-safety advocacy |
| David Grusch | Former National Reconnaissance Office representative to the UAP Task Force, DoD; former USAF intelligence officer (NGA, NRO); Afghanistan combat veteran | Second-hand — testified to what ~40 interviewees told him over four years about a program he stated he was denied access to |
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House Committee on Oversight and Accountability, Subcommittee on National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs, "Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety and Government Transparency," 26 July 2023 (full transcript; printed record, Serial No. 118-53). Witness titles per the committee's published witness list and document repository; individual written statements by Grusch, Fravor and Graves.
What Grusch actually said under oath — and what he explicitly did not
- TESTIMONY Grusch testified that he "was informed in the course of my official duties of a multi-decade UAP crash retrieval and reverse-engineering program to which I was denied access." The phrase "to which I was denied access" is his own, and it is the load-bearing clause: by his own sworn account he was not read into the program he was describing.
- TESTIMONY Asked whether the US has recovered non-human "biologics," Grusch testified that this "was the assessment of people with direct knowledge on the [UAP] program I talked to, that are currently still on the program." He attributed the assessment to others; he did not testify that he had seen remains.
- TESTIMONY Asked by Rep. Tim Burchett whether he had personal knowledge of people harmed or injured in efforts to conceal the alleged program, Grusch answered yes — and declined to give details except inside a SCIF. Those details have never been produced publicly, and Grusch subsequently no longer held the clearance needed to discuss them in a classified setting.
- TESTIMONY Grusch testified he interviewed roughly 40 witnesses over four years. None of those 40 have been publicly identified by him, and no interview transcripts have been released.
- UNSUPPORTED The 1933 Magenta / Mussolini recovery claim. In pre-hearing interviews Grusch said he had viewed documents describing an alien craft recovered by Benito Mussolini's government in 1933. No such document has been produced, and the underlying story traces to Italian UFO literature circulating since the 1990s of contested provenance.
- UNSUPPORTED Extra-dimensional origin and "malevolent activity." In a 7 June 2023 Le Parisien interview Grusch raised the possibility that UAP originate in extra dimensions, described football-field-sized craft reported to him, and alleged malevolent activity. Physicist Sean Carroll singled out this material specifically: the extra-dimensions and holographic-principle framing "should set off your alarm bells."
Grusch sworn testimony, House Oversight hearing, 26 July 2023 (see also his written statement for the record), as reported by NPR (27 July 2023), The New York Times (26 July 2023) and The Wall Street Journal (26 July 2023). Pre-hearing claims: The Debrief (Kean/Blumenthal, 5 June 2023) and Le Parisien (7 June 2023).
"Grusch testified that the US has recovered alien craft." He did not. He testified that he was told such a program exists, by people he interviewed, and that he was denied access to it. Those are different statements with different evidentiary weight, and the difference is not a technicality — it is the entire question. Every headline that renders his testimony as "US has recovered non-human craft" has silently upgraded hearsay to assertion. Grusch himself has been consistent on this point; the coverage has not.
The Inspector General's "credible and urgent" finding — what it means, and what it does not
- DOCUMENTED Grusch filed a complaint with the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community (ICIG), Thomas A. Monheim, and in July 2022 the ICIG designated it "credible and urgent." That designation triggered mandatory transmission to the Director of National Intelligence and to the House and Senate intelligence committees under the Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act.
- DOCUMENTED The designation is a statutory routing threshold, not an adjudication. Under 50 U.S.C. § 3033, an "urgent concern" finding means the complaint is not frivolous, appears to fall within the IC's jurisdiction, and must therefore be forwarded to Congress. It is a determination about process: this complaint must move. It is expressly not a finding that the alleged facts are true, and the ICIG conducted no investigation establishing that they are.
- DOCUMENTED Grusch also filed a reprisal complaint alleging retaliation for the disclosure. As of writing, no public ICIG report has been released substantiating either the underlying allegations or the reprisal claim.
- DOCUMENTED ICIG Monheim briefed the House Oversight national security subcommittee in a classified session on 13 January 2024 regarding UAP reporting and transparency. No public findings resulted from that briefing.
- UNSUPPORTED "The Inspector General confirmed Grusch's claims." This is repeated constantly in disclosure-advocacy media and is simply not what the designation does. No IG, no committee, and no agency has publicly confirmed the substance of the complaint. Anyone asserting otherwise should be asked to name the document and the paragraph.
Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act; 50 U.S.C. § 3033(k)(5) "urgent concern" procedure. ICIG determination reported July 2022; ICIG Thomas A. Monheim classified briefing to House Oversight national security subcommittee, 13 January 2024.
The rebuttal: AARO's Historical Record Report and Kirkpatrick's counter-account
- DOCUMENTED "Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I," AARO / Department of Defense, released 8 March 2024. A 63-page unclassified report covering 1945 to October 2023, drawing on classified and unclassified government archives and on interviews with people making crash-retrieval claims.
- DOCUMENTED The report's central finding, verbatim: "AARO found no empirical evidence for claims that the USG and private companies have been reverse-engineering extraterrestrial technology."
- DOCUMENTED On the interviewees, verbatim: "none of the interviewees had direct access to or firsthand knowledge of the programs alleged to be UAP-related," and "in many cases, the interviewees named authentic USG classified programs well-known and understood to those appropriately accessed to them ... however, the interviewees mistakenly associated these authentic USG programs with alien and extraterrestrial activity."
- DOCUMENTED On the named programs, verbatim: "all of the named and described alleged hidden UAP reverse-engineering programs provided by interviewees either do not exist; are misidentified authentic, highly sensitive national security programs that are not related to extraterrestrial technology exploitation; or resolve to an unwarranted and disestablished program."
- DOCUMENTED On physical material: AARO's analysis of a submitted metallic sample concluded it was "a manufactured, terrestrial alloy and does not represent off-world technology."
- TESTIMONY Pentagon spokesperson Sue Gough, on the record: "AARO has not discovered any verifiable information to substantiate claims that any programs regarding the possession or reverse-engineering of any extraterrestrial materials have existed in the past or exist currently." Gen. Mark Milley separately told The Washington Times he had never encountered evidence supporting Grusch's allegations.
- DISPUTED Kirkpatrick's post-retirement account versus the whistleblowers'. After leaving AARO in December 2023, Kirkpatrick argued in a Scientific American opinion essay (January 2024) that the allegations "derive from inadvertent or unauthorized disclosures of legitimate U.S. programs," and described their proponents as a small group of interconnected believers engaged in circular reporting. Elizondo, Grusch and their supporters reject this and characterise AARO as the institution being investigated writing its own exoneration. Note the stake on both sides: Kirkpatrick ran the office whose competence and honesty were the thing in question — he is not a disinterested referee any more than the whistleblowers are.
- DISPUTED Whether AARO's process was adequate. Kirkpatrick stated publicly that Grusch "has refused to speak with AARO" and called the hearing insulting to AARO staff. Critics counter that AARO's interview access was limited by the same compartmentation the whistleblowers allege, making a null finding partly unfalsifiable. Both objections are real; neither has been resolved by any public document.
AARO, "Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I," 8 March 2024 (DOPSR-cleared, media.defense.gov); contemporaneous NPR report on its release. Pentagon statement via spokesperson Sue Gough, June 2023. Sean Kirkpatrick, "Here's What I Learned as the U.S. Government's UFO Hunter," opinion essay, Scientific American, January 2024.
13 November 2024 — "Exposing the Truth" and the Immaculate Constellation allegation
- DOCUMENTED A joint hearing of two House Oversight subcommittees — Cybersecurity, Information Technology and Government Innovation (Chair Rep. Nancy Mace) and National Security, the Border and Foreign Affairs (Chair Rep. Glenn Grothman) — held 13 November 2024 in 2154 Rayburn, titled "Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Exposing the Truth." Reps. Anna Paulina Luna and Eric Burlison participated as questioners; neither chaired it.
- DOCUMENTED Four witnesses, as listed by the committee: Dr. Tim Gallaudet, Rear Admiral USN (ret.), CEO of Ocean STL Consulting LLC; Luis Elizondo, "Author and Former Department of Defense Official"; Michael Gold, former NASA Associate Administrator for Space Policy and Partnerships and member of the NASA UAP Independent Study Team; Michael Shellenberger, founder of Public. No serving government official testified.
- TESTIMONY Shellenberger testified that his sources indicated the intelligence community is "sitting on a huge amount of visual" material — potentially hundreds or thousands of images and videos — and told the committee: "The intelligence community is treating us like children. It's time for us to know the truth about this."
- TESTIMONY Elizondo testified to the existence of a concealed crash-retrieval and reverse-engineering effort and to retaliation against those who report it. As with Grusch, this is testimony as to belief and second-hand knowledge; no documents or materials were entered into the record.
- UNSUPPORTED "Immaculate Constellation." Shellenberger published, ahead of the hearing, an unclassified summary document he said was provided by a whistleblower describing a secret, unacknowledged UAP program of that name. The primary document has never been authenticated, the source is anonymous, and no agency has confirmed the program exists.
- RESOLVED The strongest specific challenge to the Immaculate Constellation material. In 2025 a self-identified whistleblower stated publicly that the program was found within a folder labelled "2018 Schriever Wargame." The Schriever Wargame is a documented, recurring Air Force Space Command exercise; the 2018 iteration was set in 2028 and scenario-based around preventing an adversary from escalating a conflict into space. Researcher Jason Colavito concluded the whistleblower "apparently mistook fictitious wargame documents for secret UFO revelations." Caveat for fairness: Colavito is a critic writing on his own site, this identification is not an official finding, and no agency has publicly adjudicated the question either way.
House Committee on Oversight and Accountability, joint subcommittee hearing "Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Exposing the Truth," 13 November 2024; official hearing notice and witness list / document repository, oversight.house.gov; full transcript; written statements by Elizondo and Shellenberger. Contemporaneous reporting: NPR (Bill Chappell, 13 Nov 2024), USA Today (Eric Lagatta, 13 Nov 2024), TIME (Jeffrey Kluger, 15 Nov 2024). Schriever Wargame 2018 described in GPS World, Air Force Space Command release.
19 November 2024 and 9 September 2025 — the two most recent hearings
- DOCUMENTED Six days after the House hearing, the Senate took the opposite kind of testimony. On 19 November 2024 the Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, chaired by Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, heard from AARO's second director, Dr. Jon T. Kosloski, in open and then closed session. The pairing is the clearest illustration available that "Congress held a UAP hearing" tells you nothing about which direction the testimony ran.
- TESTIMONY Kosloski testified that AARO is analysing several cases he describes as "true anomalies" that he personally cannot explain, notwithstanding his physics and engineering background — while maintaining AARO's position that roughly half of resolved cases reduce to balloons, drones and other conventional objects and that the remainder mostly suffer from insufficient data. "I can't explain it" is not "it is extraterrestrial," and Kosloski did not say it was.
- DOCUMENTED 9 September 2025: "Restoring Public Trust Through UAP Transparency and Whistleblower Protection," House Oversight Task Force on the Declassification of Federal Secrets, chaired by Rep. Anna Paulina Luna, in HVC-210. Witnesses: Jeffrey Nuccetelli (USAF veteran); Chief Alexandro Wiggins (UAP witness); Dylan Borland (UAP witness, USAF veteran); George Knapp (UAP journalist); and, as minority witness, Joe Spielberger, Senior Policy Counsel at the Project On Government Oversight.
- TESTIMONY Nuccetelli testified about an incident at Vandenberg Air Force Base in 2003 and about obstacles he encountered reporting it through official channels. Borland and Wiggins testified as first-hand military eyewitnesses. Their written statements are posted on the committee's hearing page; no corroborating imagery, logs or incident reports were entered into the public record.
- DOCUMENTED The minority witness reframed the hearing as an oversight problem, not a UFO problem. POGO's Spielberger testified to the inadequacy of whistleblower protections and classification practice — the one thread across all six hearings that no participant, sceptic or believer, disputes.
- DOCUMENTED Follow-up: on 1 April 2026 the Task Force publicly reported it had requested video files related to UAP sightings held by AARO, stating that whistleblowers had informed it that AARO possesses additional video records of potential UAP sightings, and calling the absence of disclosure "concerning" given UAP activity in and around US restricted airspace. As of August 2026 those files have not been publicly released.
Senate Armed Services Committee, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, hearing on AARO activities, 19 November 2024 (stenographic transcript). House Oversight Task Force on the Declassification of Federal Secrets, "Restoring Public Trust Through UAP Transparency and Whistleblower Protection," 9 September 2025, oversight.house.gov (printed record); written statements by Nuccetelli, Wiggins, Borland, Knapp and Spielberger. House Oversight release, "Luna Continues Transparency Investigation into UAPs," 1 April 2026 (and the underlying request letter to the Department of War).
Stakes: who benefits, on both sides of the table
- DOCUMENTED Several recurring witnesses have commercial, organisational or media interests in the subject. This does not make them wrong. It is context a reader is entitled to have, and it applies to sceptics as well as proponents.
| Person | Role in hearings | Disclosed or documented stake |
|---|---|---|
| Luis Elizondo | Witness, 13 Nov 2024 | Listed by the committee itself as "Author"; commercially published trade book on the subject; narrator of the 2025 documentary The Age of Disclosure |
| Michael Shellenberger | Witness, 13 Nov 2024 | Founder of Public, a subscription outlet; broke the Immaculate Constellation story on his own platform |
| Tim Gallaudet | Witness, 13 Nov 2024 | CEO of Ocean STL Consulting LLC; appears in The Age of Disclosure |
| Ryan Graves | Witness, 26 Jul 2023 | Executive Director of Americans for Safe Aerospace, an advocacy non-profit built around pilot UAP reporting; appears in The Age of Disclosure |
| David Fravor | Witness, 26 Jul 2023 | Appears in The Age of Disclosure; extensive paid speaking and media presence built on the 2004 Nimitz encounter |
| George Knapp | Witness, 9 Sep 2025 | Career journalist and broadcaster whose professional identity is substantially built on UFO coverage, including long association with Coast to Coast AM |
| Sean Kirkpatrick | Witness, 19 Apr 2023; later public critic | Founding director of the office the whistleblowers accuse of concealment; his own institutional reputation is the subject of the dispute |
| Michael Shermer | Public critic of the hearings | Publisher of Skeptic magazine — a commercial and institutional interest in the sceptical position |
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Committee witness lists (oversight.house.gov: 26 Jul 2023, 13 Nov 2024, 9 Sep 2025); participant list for The Age of Disclosure (dir. Dan Farah, SXSW premiere 9 March 2025, wide release 21 November 2025).
Late 2025 into 2026: the record so far
- DOCUMENTED No new public congressional UAP hearing has been held in 2026 as of August. The House Oversight Task Force on the Declassification of Federal Secrets remains the active vehicle; its 2026 UAP work has taken the form of document and video requests rather than testimony. Its 30 June 2026 hearing was on the CIA's MKUltra programme, not UAP.
- DOCUMENTED 9 June 2026: David Grusch appeared at a press conference on the Capitol steps alongside Rep. Anna Paulina Luna, organised outside the committee process. This was not a hearing and the statements were not sworn. Reporting: NewsNation, 9 June 2026.
- TESTIMONY At that press conference Grusch stated that the US government is aware of "several" categories of non-human life, describing what he called a continuum from corporeal bipedal forms to what he termed sentient plasmoid life. No evidence accompanied the statement, it was made without perjury exposure, and it goes substantially further than anything he said under oath in 2023 — a widening gap worth tracking.
- DISPUTED Whether the legislative track has delivered anything. The Schumer–Rounds "UAP Disclosure Act of 2023," a 64-page amendment to the FY2024 NDAA, proposed a records-review board and federal eminent domain over any "recovered technologies of unknown origin." It passed the Senate in substantially stronger form than what survived conference; the eminent-domain and review-board provisions were largely stripped. Sponsors describe this as evidence of resistance from within the executive branch; critics describe it as ordinary conference-committee attrition of an unusually sweeping amendment. No public document settles which reading is correct.
- DOCUMENTED What every hearing has failed to produce, across four years and six sessions: a single named document proving a concealed retrieval programme; a single identified first-hand witness to recovered non-human material testifying under oath; and any physical sample that has survived independent analysis. Whatever else is true, that record is the record.
House Oversight Committee hearing calendar and releases, oversight.house.gov (accessed August 2026) — including the Task Force's 30 June 2026 MKULTRA hearing. NewsNation, "UFO whistleblower David Grusch says government aware of 'several' kinds of aliens," 9 June 2026. UAP Disclosure Act of 2023, proposed amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024.
"Nobody would risk perjury charges to lie to Congress, so the testimony must be true." Two problems. First, perjury requires knowingly false statements — a witness sincerely repeating something a colleague told them commits no crime even if the colleague invented it, which is precisely the structure of the second-hand testimony at issue. Second, prosecutions for congressional perjury are vanishingly rare. The oath meaningfully constrains a witness describing their own experience, which is why Fravor's and Graves's testimony carries different weight from Grusch's and Elizondo's. It does almost nothing to filter a chain of hearsay. Ask, every time: is this witness reporting what they saw, or what they were told?
Documents & sources — go read them yourself
- Unidentified Aerial Phenomena — hearing transcript, 17 May 2022
- Committee Repository — 17 May 2022 UAP hearing documents
- Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
- ODNI newsroom page for the 2021 Preliminary Assessment
- To receive testimony on the mission, activities, oversight, and budget of AARO
- Stenographic transcript, SASC ETC open hearing, 19 April 2023
- Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick — oral remarks as delivered, 19 April 2023
- UAP: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency
- Hearing transcript — Grusch, Fravor, Graves, 26 July 2023
- Printed hearing record, Serial No. 118-53
- Committee Repository — 26 July 2023 hearing documents
- David Grusch — written statement for the record
- Cdr. David Fravor — written statement for the record
- Ryan Graves — written statement for the record
- 50 U.S.C. § 3033 — Inspector General of the Intelligence Community
- Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with UAP, Volume I
- Here's What I Learned as the U.S. Government's UFO Hunter
- Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Exposing the Truth
- Mace, Grothman Announce Joint Hearing on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena
- Hearing transcript — Exposing the Truth, 13 November 2024
- Committee Repository — 13 November 2024 hearing documents
- Luis Elizondo — written statement for the record
- Michael Shellenberger — written statement for the record
- Stenographic transcript — AARO activities hearing, 19 November 2024
- Restoring Public Trust Through UAP Transparency and Whistleblower Protection
- Printed hearing record, CHRG-119hhrg61718
- Jeffrey Nuccetelli — written testimony
- Chief Alexandro Wiggins — written statement
- Dylan Borland — written testimony
- George Knapp — written testimony
- Joe Spielberger (POGO) — written testimony
- Luna Continues Transparency Investigation into UAPs
- Task Force letter to the Secretary of War requesting UAP video files
- Mind Control and Accountability: Uncovering the Truth of the CIA's MKULTRA Project
- Schumer, Rounds Introduce New Legislation to Declassify Government Records Related to UAP
- Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin
- Whistleblower testifies U.S. salvaged 'non-human biologics' from UFO crash sites
- Pentagon finds 'no evidence' of alien technology in new UFO report
- UFOs and UAPs should be studied by the U.S., experts tell congressional hearing
- Inside Capitol Hill's Latest UFO Hearings
- UFO whistleblower David Grusch says government aware of 'several' kinds of aliens
- Jason Colavito's analysis identifying "Immaculate Constellation" with the 2018 Schriever Wargame
- Michael Shellenberger, "Immaculate Constellation" whistleblower report (published via Public, October 2024)
- Schriever Wargame 2018 — GPS World coverage and Air Force Space Command release
- Le Parisien interview with David Grusch, 7 June 2023
- The New York Times, 26 July 2023, and The Wall Street Journal, 26 July 2023, coverage of the Grusch hearing
- USA Today (Eric Lagatta), 13 November 2024, coverage of "Exposing the Truth"
- Pentagon statement by spokesperson Sue Gough, June 2023; Gen. Mark Milley's remarks to The Washington Times
- ICIG Thomas A. Monheim's classified briefing to the House Oversight national security subcommittee, 13 January 2024
- Grusch's ICIG complaint and reprisal complaint
- The Age of Disclosure (dir. Dan Farah, 2025) — participant list
Links verified August 2026. Unlinked items in this section are ones for which no stable public URL could be confirmed.
Plates — the documentary record

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